Animationis the process of making theillusionofmotionand the illusion of change[Note1]by means of the rapid displayof a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other
Animation creation methods include thetraditional animationcreation method and those involvingstop motionanimation of two and three-dimensional objects,paper cutouts,puppetsandclay figures. Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24, 25, 30, or 60framesper second.Computer animationprocesses generating animated images with the general termcomputer-generated imagery(CGI).3D animationuses computer graphics, while2D animationis used for stylistic, low bandwidth and faster real-time renderings.
Early examples of attempts to capture the phenomenon ofmotioninto a still drawing can be found inpaleolithiccave paintings, where animals are often depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting to convey the perception of motion.[1]An earthen goblet discovered at the site of the 5,200-year-oldShahr-e Sūkhté(Burnt City)in southeastern Iran, depicts what could possibly be the world's oldest example of animation.[2]The artifact bears five sequential images depicting aPersian Desert Ibexjumping up to eat the leaves of a tree.[3][4]Ancient Chinese records contain several mentions of devices that were said to "give an impression of movement" to human or animal figures,[5]these accounts are unclear and may only refer to the actual movement of the figures through space.[6]They may, of course, refer to Chineseshadow puppets.In the 19th century, thephenakistoscope(1832),zoetrope(1834) andpraxinoscope(1877) were introduced.[7][8]Athaumatrope(1824) is a simple toy with a small disk with different pictures on each side; a bird in a cage and is attached to two pieces of strings.[9]The phenakistoscope was invented simultaneously by BelgianJoseph Plateauand AustrianSimon von Stampferin 1831.[10]The phenakistoscope consists of a disk with a series of images, drawn on radi evenly space around the center of the disk.[11]John Barnes Linnettpatented the first flip book in 1868 as thekineograph.[11]The commonflip bookwere early animation devices that produced an illusion of movement from a series of sequential drawings, animation did not develop further until the advent ofmotion picture filmandcinematographyin the 1890s.[12]Thecinématographewas a projector, printer, and camera in one machine that allowed moving pictures to be shown successfully on a screen which was invented by history's earliest filmmakers,Auguste and Louis Lumière, in 1894.[13][14]The first animated projection (screening) was createdin France, byCharles-Émile Reynaud,[13]who was a French science teacher. Reynaud created thePraxinoscopein 1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888.[15]On 28 October 1892, he projected the first animation in public,Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musée Grévin in Paris.[16]This film is also notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. His films were not photographed, they were drawn directly onto the transparent strip.[17]In 1900, more than 500,000 people had attended these screenings.
